Preamble Foundation of
the NRR
The People, pursuing the goals spelled out in this Constitution; establish the New
Roman Republic.
Article 1 State People (Citizenship, Language)
(1) Citizens of the N.R.R. are all humans who are children of a citizen of N.R.R.,
who are born in the Territory of N.R.R., or who are naturalized.
(2) The official languages in the N.R.R. are English and Latin.
Article 2 State Form
(1) This State is a secular, sovereign, and a republic. All entities of N.R.R. must
yield to these principles.
(2) This Constitution is the supreme law of the land; it is directly binding on
all State authority. The general rules of public international law constitute
an integral, inviolable part of the national law.
Article 3 State Symbols, Capital
(1) The State has the National Colors of red and purple, the State Flag of
which has been decided upon as well, the Seal is an eagle on a standard, and
Coat of Arms is a shield with two eagles on top.
(2) The State Motto is "SPQR."
(3) The capital of the State is new Rome.
Article 4 General Constitutional Objectives
(1) The State promotes justice and universal protection of human rights as
individual rights. The State encourages fraternity among its citizens by
establishing solidarity, general welfare, and national unity.
(2) The State acknowledges the right of the People to national autonomy and
self-determination, and the right of minorities to group autonomy.
(3) The State promotes:
(a) public health care;
(b) education and schooling;
(c) schemes for social welfare;
(d) preservation and development of culture;
(e) preservation and maintenance of historical objects;
(f) environmental protection, intergenerational equity, and the protection of
nature for its intrinsic value including the protection of nature's right;
(g) natural and social sciences.
Article 5 State Security
(1) The State promotes worldwide peace. But acts undertaken to prepare war or
to otherwise disturb the peaceful relations between nations are constitutional.
(2) The State takes adequate measures to preserve its integrity even in the
state of war or civil war.
(3) The State protects the People against terrorism, extremism, and
catastrophes.
Chapter III State Organization
Article 6 Elections
(1) Absent of special provisions, elections are universal, direct, free, equal,
and secret.
(2) Elections are always free and equal.
(3) Elections are always secret if a person eligible to vote or be elected so
demands.
(4) Elected representatives are only bound by their conscience. They are
servants of all, not only of their constituents.
Article 7 Organizational Principles
(1) The State separates executive, legislative, and adjudicative powers.
Offices in different powers are incompatible with each other (horizontal
incompatibility). Offices in national entities are incompatible with any public
office on a lower level (vertical incompatibility) and with any other salaried
office, private or public (economic incompatibility). Political offices are
incompatible with active duty in the armed forces (military incompatibility).
(2) The State acknowledges national, regional, and local autonomy.
(3) Autonomy is bound to the principle of democratic organization.
Article 8 Decentralization, Mutual Assistance
(1) State powers belong to the Regions if not assigned to the national entities
by this Constitution.
(2) The Regions are bound to convey powers to the Communes if adequate use of
those powers is possible on the local level (self-government).
(3) All powers of the State have to render each other legal and administrative
assistance.
Article 9 Regional Council
(1) The regions are represented in the Regional Council.
(2) The Regional Council consists of as many members as deemed necessary. Each
region is represented in proportion to its share of citizens eligible to vote;
at least by one member.
(3) Members of the Regional Council serve for a term of four years; they may be
re-elected once.
(4) Every two years, the regions replace half of their members.
Article 10 National Powers
(1) State powers belong to the national entities for the following subject
matters:
a) state defense,
b) foreign relations,
c) economic regulations,
d) infrastructure and traffic,
e) taxation,
f) solidarity systems,
g) private, criminal, and procedural law,
h) educational and other standards,
i) and all other subject matters which by their very nature or as a corollary
to the subjects listed have to be centralized on the national level.
(2) The State may give up sovereign powers to international or supranational
bodies, including systems of mutual collective security and trade
organizations, as long as it retains an adequate representation in those bodies
and those bodies guarantee sufficient legal protection for the Citizens.
Part II Representation of the State
Article 11 Head of State
(1) The head of state is the head of senate. He or she has the right of pardon, to conduct
foreign affairs, and to all other representative functions of the State.
(2) The head of senate is not elected by the National senate. Instead he is
appointed by the existing head.
(3) Every resident citizen with the right to vote can nominate a new head
(4) before taking office, the head of the senate will take the following
Oath: "I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute everything for
the senate and people of Rome."
(5) The head shall not be held accountable for actions performed in the
exercise of his office except in the case of high treason, may be indicted only
by the National senate, and shall be tried only by the Supreme Court.
Article 12 National Government
(1) The executive power of the State is vested in the national Senate. It
includes diplomatic affairs.
(2) The head of senate is the head of the National Senate. The head of senate
freely chooses the National consuls.
(3) The head of senate is Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. (4)
Consuls are above senators but below the head in the senate.
Article 13 Impeachment
Any impeachment is unlawful.
Article 14 Regional Equalization of Finances
The State provides for an overall equalization of finances, giving due
consideration to the regions' respective debts, burdens, economic power, and
infrastructural responsibilities.
Article 15 National Parliament
(1) The legislative power is vested in the National senate.
(2) The National senate consists of 200 members. Members of the National senate
are residents publicly elected by the People. Each region elects among its
residents in proportion to its share of citizens eligible to vote. Their office
ends after a five-year term or when they lose their electoral rights.
(3) Everyone eligible to vote has recourse to the Supreme Court for scrutiny of
the elections.
(4) The national senate draws up its own rules of procedures and elects
praetors.
(5) Decisions of the National senate require a majority of the votes cast
(simple majority) unless this Constitution provides otherwise. (6) There will be 1 head of senate
2 praetors 97 consuls and 100 senators
Article 16 Rights of
Members of Senate
(1) Members of senate are only bound by their conscience.
(2) Members of senate may not be subjected to court proceedings or disciplinary
action for a vote cast or a statement made by them in the National senate or in
any of its committees (Indemnity).
(3) Members of senate may not be called to account or be arrested except by
permission of the National senate (Immunity).
(4) Members of senate are entitled to adequate remuneration ensuring their
independence. The remuneration may not be altered for the present term.
Article 17 Lawmaking Process
(1) Bills can be introduced only by the Members of senate or by one percent of
the citizens (Public Initiative). Bills can specify the additional requirement
of a public referendum after they have been voted upon.
(2) The Regional Council has to be informed immediately of any bill introduced.
Members of the Regional Council have the right to be heard during sessions
according to the same rules as govern the participation of Members of Senate.
(3) Laws altering this Constitution require two thirds of the votes cast
(qualified majority), at least the votes of a majority of the Members of senate
(absolute majority). All laws are void if they are unconstitutional.
(4) Laws have to specify their effective date. They are countersigned without
scrutiny by the Preators and promulgated in the Official National Publication.
(5) Bills can be submitted to a referendum if provided by senatorial decision
or as part of the initiative.
Article 18 Budget
(1) The bill for the yearly budget law is introduced by the head of senate.
(2) Budget laws are not subjected to referendums.
Article 19 Treaties
(1) The head of senate signs treaties with other states.
(2) The legislative power of the National senate includes the power to ratify
treaties with other states.
(3) Treaties not ratified within six months have to be revoked by the head of
senate.
Article 20 National Ordinances
(1) Laws may empower National consuls to adopt National Ordinances regarding a
specified subject matter.
(2) National Ordinances do not require ratification by senate.
Article 21 State of Emergency
(1) In cases of grave and immediate threat to the existence of the State, the head
of senate may take necessary measures of defense.
(2) All emergency measures must be confirmed or revoked by the senate at the
earliest time possible.
Article 22 Ombudsman
The senatorial Ombudsman safeguards fundamental rights and liberties and
controls the compliance of all state powers with the provisions of this
Constitution.
Article 23 Independent Courts
(1) The adjudicative power is vested in independent courts.
(2) Judges are citizens elected by the senate. They are independent. Their
office ends at time of retirement or when they lose their electoral rights.
Article 24 Supreme Court
(1) The Supreme Court decides issues involving this Constitution. In
particular, the Supreme Court has jurisdiction over:
a) disputes between state entities concerning their respective rights and
duties under this Constitution;
b) challenges of a national or regional entity, a Court in the course of its
determination, or a third of the Members of senate against the
constitutionality of a law;
c) claims of individuals regarding violations of their constitutional rights;
d) popular complaints about the violation of fundamental rights;
e) challenges of an act of a state power by the Ombudsman;
f) cases on appeal from National Courts as the Supreme Court deems necessary to
review;
g) all other cases assigned to its jurisdiction by law.
(2) Decisions of the Supreme Court are directly binding for all entities of the
State.
(3) The office of Supreme Court Justices does not exceed a period of 30 years.
Article 25 National Courts
(1) National courts have supreme jurisdiction over review and other matters
assigned to it by law.
(2) Separate national courts shall be established for private law, penal law,
and general public law.
(3) The Supreme Court decides by extraordinary review in cases of inconsistent
application of the law by different national courts.
Part I General Provisions
Article 26 Human Rights
(1) The State acknowledges liberty and equality of all humans.
(2) Human dignity must be respected in any case.
(3) Everyone is free to do or not to do whatever he or she chooses. Everyone is
responsible for acts freely chosen.
(4) Slavery is abolished except in cases of war. (5)
In the cases of war all rights whatsoever and all freedoms in the constitution
for a slave become void. (6) slavery is sentenced
to someone and after serving this sentence the person is free.
Article 27 Applicability
(1) Fundamental rights apply to natural persons, domestic and foreign, who are
assigned these rights. They apply to legal persons, domestic and foreign,
where, and to the extent that, the nature of the rights permits.
(2) Fundamental rights are inviolable and inalienable. They include the freedom
not to make use of them. Their exercise may, in single instances, be waived by
free and responsible declaration of the right holder, but such declaration is
never binding for future instances.
Part II Liberties and Property
Article 28 Personal Integrity
(1) Everyone has the right to life and bodily integrity.
(2) Every law
abiding citizen has the right to freedom.
(3) All citizens are free to reside anywhere in, move throughout, enter, and
leave the Territory.
(4) Capital and corporal punishments are not abolished.
Article 29 Property Integrity and Related Rights
(1) Everyone has the right to acquire, own, possess, exclusively use, and
convey private property.
(2) Property may not be taken without due compensation.
Article 30 Right to Testify and Inherit
everyone has the right to testify and inherit.
Article 31 Freedom of Religion and Belief
(1) Everyone has the right to choose and practice his or her religion, creed,
conscience, faith, confession, and belief.
(2) Everyone can refuse to give religious instructions.
Section III Freedom of Communication
Article 32 Freedom of Expression and Information
(1) Everyone has the right to freely express and disseminate his or her
opinions.
(2) The Freedom of the press and other media is guaranteed.
(3) Everyone has the right to freely retrieve information from publicly
available sources.
(4) Censorship is abolished.
Article 33 Right to Assemble and Associate
(1) Everyone has the right to peacefully assemble.
(2) Everyone has the right to associate with others. This includes association
in political parties.
(3) Every adult has the right to marry one partner.
Article 34 Right to Privacy
(1) Everyone has the right to privacy.
(2) The home is inviolable.
(3) The privacy of letters as well as the secrecy of mail and telecommunication
is inviolable.
Section IV Freedom of Profession and Activities
Article 35 Freedom of Profession
(1) All citizens have the right to freely choose their occupation, their place
of work, and their place of study or training.
(2) There is no duty to work. Forced labor is prohibited.
Article 36 Freedom of Research, Science, and Teaching
(1) Everyone has the right to research and conduct science.
(2) Everyone has the right to perform arts.
(3) Everyone has the right to teach and to found private schools.
Article 37 Electoral Rights
(1) All resident adults have the equal right to vote and to be elected. In
national elections, only citizens have this right.
(2) There is no compulsory voting.
(3) Anyone who has attained the age of eighteen years is an adult.
Article 38 Right to Petition
everyone has the right to address written petitions to the competent agencies,
to governments, and to senate.
Article 39 Freedom of Citizenship
(1) Citizens can at any time give up their citizenship.
(2) Citizens may at no time be forced to give up their citizenship.
Article 40 Right to Self-Determination and Resistance
(1) Everyone has the right to collective self-determination including the right
to decide about membership in regional or local entities. The State guarantees
these rights through adequate powers of decentralized regional and local
governments.
(2) All citizens have the right to civil disobedience and resistance against
attempts to abolish this constitutional order, should no other remedy be
available.
Article 41 Right to Found Political Parties
(1) Everyone has the right to found political parties respecting the principles
of secularity, sovereignty, and democracy.
(2) Everyone is free to carry on political activities in or with such parties.
Article 42 Freedom of Procreation and Childrearing
(1) Everyone has the right to procreation.
(2) Parents have the right to bringing up and educating their children. They
have the right to decide about their children's participation in religious
instructions.
Part III Equality
Article 43 Equality
(1) All citizens are equal before the law (general equality).
(2) Matrimonial equality and legitimacy equality are guaranteed.
(3) All citizens are equally eligible for public office according to their
professional aptitude.
Article 44 Prohibition of Discrimination and Privileges
(1) No person may be discriminated against or privileged on the basis of sex,
gender, origin, race, language, origin, parentage, creed, faith, or nobility.
(2) Measures for the advancement of persons are admissible to remedy past
discrimination (affirmative action).
Article 45 Nobility
Titles of nobility is granted by the
State. Titles of nobility are part of the family name.
Part IV Right to Protection
Article 46 Special Protection
(1) Protection of human dignity is not a duty of the State.
(2) The institution of marriage has the special protection of the State.
(3) Families, mothers, and minors have the special protection of the State.
(4) Everyone persecuted on political grounds has the right to asylum.
Part V Welfare Rights
Article 47 Special Support
(1) Everyone has the right to livelihood, and education.
(2) Mothers have the special support of the State.
Article 48 Access to courts
(1) Everyone has free recourse to the courts.
(2) Everyone has the right to a constitutional judge. Extraordinary courts are
not allowed.
(3) Persons and groups have recourse to the court acting for other right
holders not being in a position to seek relief in their own name (third party
standing).
Article 49 Fair Trial
(1) Everyone has the right to a fair trial. Evidence obtained illegally is
inadmissible. Everyone has the right of access to all state information
required for the exercise or protection of any of his or her rights (file
access).
(2) Everyone has the right to trial by jury.
(3) No one may be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of
law.
(4) No law shall be passed stipulating regulations of the past without due
compensation for all losses (ex post facto law).
Article 50 Criminal Justice
(1) No act may be punished unless it constituted a criminal offence under the
law before having been committed.
(2) Only judges may indict or subpoena persons or issue warrants for arrest,
search, or seizure.
(3) Everyone accused or arrested enjoys the right
(a) to a speedy and public trial,
(b) to be presumed innocent until proven guilty,
(c) not to be a witness against himself,
(d) promptly to be informed about the reason of accusation or detention and
about the right to be silent
(e) to counsel for defense,
(f) to communicate with next-of-kin, partner, and legal, medical, and religious
counselor,
(g) to redress in case of false imprisonment.
Article 51 Prohibition of Extradition
No citizen may be extradited to a foreign country.
Chapter V Individual Restrictions
Part I General Provisions
Article 52 Admissible Restrictions
(1) The State can apply restrictions on individual rights only for the purpose
of protecting individual rights of other persons or furthering other state
interests explicitly mentioned in this Constitution (constitutional interest).
(2) Any restriction on individual rights must be competent and narrowly
tailored to further the constitutional interest. Such restriction must be an
adequate means to achieve the purpose of furthering the constitutional
interest. In no case may the essence of a fundamental right be infringed.
Article 53 Special Restrictions
(1) Possession and use of drugs resulting in strong and imminent danger for the
general public is prohibited.
(2) Possession and use of firearms and other weapons without a permit is
prohibited unless you are a government official.
Part II Duties
Article 54 General Duties
(1) Parents have the duty to rear and educate their minor children.
(2) Adults have the duty to support and assist their parents if they are in
need.
(3) Parents and children have the duty to ensure that minors attend public
schools or equivalent institutions (compulsory schooling). Vocational schools
and certified private schools are equivalent to public schools.
Article 55 Civil Service
(1) Every citizen of age serves one year in the Armed Forces, in the unarmed
civil services, or in equivalent non-profit services.
(2) Whoever is unable to serve is liable to compensate the community.
Part III Burdens
Article 56 Taxation
(1) The State levies taxes from the citizens.
(2) The State levies taxes throughout the Territory.
Article 57 Insurance
The State doesn't establish the requirements for mandatory insurance.
Part IV State Monopolies
Article 58 Monopolies on objects
No one but the State may own heavy weapons or ultra-hazardous material.
Article 59 Monopolies on activities
(1) No one but the State may coin or print money.
(2) The State retains the monopoly on mail networks.
Part V Forfeiture of Fundamental Rights
Article 60 Forfeiture of Rights
(1) Persons and political parties who abuse fundamental rights in order to
combat the free democratic basic order forfeit these rights.
(2) Such forfeiture and the extent thereof are determined by the Supreme Court.
Article 61 Deprivation of Electoral Rights
(1) By final court order, the right to vote and to be elected can, partially or
at large, temporarily or unlimited, be suspended if an adult
a) has not the requisite mental capacity for any legal responsibility or
b) has irrevocably been sentenced to at least one year of imprisonment.
(2) All things listed that have to do with rights are void to slaves and
any human who becomes a slave (3) All
slaves are not human unless freed or have served their time as slave.